Vaccinations And How Vaccines Protect Us All By Harrison...

A person’s health can be one of the most important aspects in their life. When thinking about what can help one to remain healthy, vaccinations come to mind. Vaccinations, to many people, are a necessity to remain healthy. I know when I was younger I hated to get a shot, but when I think about it today I am glad my parents made me get them. My mother was a nurse, so she knew the importance of vaccinations. Unfortunately, in todays’ society some parents think vaccinations can be more harmful then helpful, therefore refusing to vaccinate their children. The articles â€Å"How Vaccines Protect Us All† by Harrison Wein and â€Å"Beliefs About Childhood Vaccinations is the United States: Political Ideology, False Consensus, and the Illusion of Uniqueness† by Mitchell Rabinowitz, Lauren Latella, Chadly Stern, and John Jost both talk about vaccinations as the main point. While both of the articles talk about the importance of vaccinations and how they should be r equired, the first article by Harrison Wein talks more about how vaccinations protect the community and the second article by Rabinowitz et al. talks about how parents have the control of their children’s vaccinations. However, both articles prove readers to believe vaccinations can help keep children safe and healthy. Whether or not parents believe that vaccinations can help their children, both authors feel that vaccinations should be required, and are an important aspect to help a child remain healthy. Wein talks about how

An Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart

â€Å"Insane in the Membrane† Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most acclaimed short story writers of all time and is considered the father of the psychological thriller. He has achieved ever-lasting fame for his work in various fields of literature, from prose to verse. However, it is his Gothic narrative, in the short story realm he is greatest known for and is regarded as one of the foremost masters of horror that the United States has ever fashioned. The crucial component to these horror stories is usually the characters’ insanity. The madness that inflicts the main characters in these stories drives them to commit the acts that they do. For instance, it is the madness of the narrator in Poe’s â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† that allows him to murder his beloved employer. Edgar Allan Poe weaved stories of intrigue, such as The Cask of Amontillado and The Tell-Tale Heart,† each of which have characters that share the common element of insanity that renders them incapable of controlling t heir dangerous impulses of murder. One noticeable example of the element of insanity and its use as character motivation can be found in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart.† Opening with the lines, â€Å"True-nervous- very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?†, this story describes the attempts of the narrator to rationalize the murder he had just committed against his own employer (Blum, 13). A servant to a rich, kind man, the narrator has every reason to feelShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Tell Tale Heart Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesstereotypical â€Å"mean girl’ in life. But are you a mean girl only because you are insecure about yourself, or do you genuinely have nothing better to offer society than cruel comments on people’s appearance. Very much like a â€Å"mean girl† in Edgar Allan Poe’s Tell Tale Heart, it is a thrilling mystery with murder. The story is basically about a man who is a server to an old man who has an odd looking eye. It is not the old man’s fault for his appearance, nor should the old man deserve the cruel thought, thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1291 Words   |  6 Pagessecrets hidden in the story line that does it? Individually when each of you close your eyes and visualise a book that has been flicked by hundreds and has been adored what comes to mind? The famous Edgar Allan Poe stands out in the history of gothic texts, especially his novel the â€Å" Tell-Tale Heart†. However there is a numerous amount of contemporary texts based off this genre including Tim Burton’s â€Å" Vincent†. In this presentation I hope to engage you in the history of the gothic genre. GothicRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart1104 Words   |  5 PagesPoe Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis began with Sigmund Freud, also known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. (McLeod) Freud broke his theory into 3 different levels, Id, Ego, and Superego. Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and the â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† focused deep into these levels of psychoanalysis specifically the superego and the id. Freud explained that our superego is our conscienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1560 Words   |  7 Pagesbelong to Mr. Poe. You see, Edgar Allan Poe is still one of the greatest masters of enticing emotion into readers. Whether it is psychological fear in short stories like Bernice and The Pit and the Pendulum or poetry about death, sadness, and love. But, Poe really does raise the bar when it comes to mystery in his poetry. From houses suddenly combusting in The Fall of the House of Usher and uncanny deliriums in The Tell-Tale Heart, mysteries of all kinds encompass Poe s works. Poe has mastered theRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart957 Words   |  4 Pageswhether madness is or is not the loftiness of intelligence,† (Edgar Allan Poe). Edgar Allan Poe is a well known and beloved writer of the horrid and meticulous. Through emphasis on his personal life and personal insanity, we get a glimpse inside the world that might be our own minds as well as stories that teach us life lessons as well as make our blood curdle and ponder over the deep emotions of Poe’s life. Stories such as the Tell-Tale Heart teach us of these life lessons. In this story the narratorRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s A Tell Tale Heart1289 Words   |  6 PagesInside the Heart There are many well-known poets, but not many are as unique as Edgar Allan Poe. By the age of 13, Poe had become a creative poet (Biographies). Many of Poe s works were horrific fictional stories. His first book was published in Boston in 1827, called Tamerlane and other Poems. More of Poe s major works include Tales of the Grotesque a d Arabesque, which included his most spine tingling tales such as Ligeia and The Fall of the House of Usher. Most of Poe s works haveRead MoreAnalysis of Edgar Allan Poe ´s The Tell-Tale Heart605 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"The Tell- Tale Heart†, written in 1843, is a simultaneous horror and mental story presented in a first- person perspective, in which Edgar Allan Poe, the author, portrays that the significant influence of inner guilty and fear on narrator’s insane. The author achieves this in the means of figurative languages, symbolism and the plot of the story. Through the whole story, there is no doubt that guilty plays a tremendously crucial role. It is obvious that symbolism is used for many times. To beginRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart857 Words   |  4 Pagesfear what they can t control. Author, Edgar Allan Poe wrote short stories that evoked emotions of fear of the unknown in a way that speaks to the reader. Some of Poe s stories were not well accepted in his day because people were just not ready for them- they were scary. Poe s works The Tell-Tale Heart, The Premature Burial and The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar evoke emotions of fear of the unknown for the reader Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell-Tale Heart, is a short story that illustrates theRead MoreWhy Should We Care?1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Should We Care?: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Few creatures of the night have captured [reader’s] imagination[s] like [Edgar Allan Poe]† (â€Å"Vampires†). Poe has fascinated the literary world since he first became known for writing in 1829, when he was just twenty years old (Chronology†). While he is widely known for exploring the macabre, his work is controversial because of its psychologically disturbing nature. Edgar Allan Poe is worth examining as an author because his many contributions to the literaryRead MoreThe Final Days of Edgar Allan Poe by Roger Francis 1732 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the nineteenth-century. Poe’s short stories posses the recurring themes of death, murder and his narrators often show signs of mental instability, like the old man in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and Montressor in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. Since tragedy was prominent throughout Poe’s life, his wor k reflects the darkness ingrained by continuously being faced with adversity. Poe’s mental stability also comes into question when

Biology Suffix Definition -otomy, -tomy

The suffix -otomy, or -tomy, refers to the act of cutting or making an incision, as in a medical operation or procedure. This word part is derived from the Greek -tomia, which means to cut. Examples Anatomy (ana-tomy): the study of the physical structure of living organisms. Anatomical dissection is a primary component of this type of biological study. Anatomy involves the study of macro-structures (heart, brain, kidneys, etc.) and microstructures (cells, organelles, etc.). Autotomy (aut-otomy): the act of removing an appendage from the body in order to escape when trapped. This defense mechanism is exhibited in animals such as lizards, geckos, and crabs. These animals can use regeneration to recover the lost appendage. Craniotomy (crani-otomy): surgical cutting of the skull, typically done to provide access to the brain when surgery is needed. A craniotomy may require a small or large cut depending on the type of surgery needed. A small cut in the skull is referred to as a burr hole and is used to insert a shunt or remove small brain tissue samples. A large craniotomy is called a skull base craniotomy and is needed when removing large tumors or after an injury that causes a skull fracture. Episiotomy (episi-otomy): surgical cut made into the area between the vagina and anus to prevent tearing during the child birthing process. This procedure is no longer routinely performed due to associated risks of infection, extra blood loss, and possible increase in the size of the cut during delivery. Gastrotomy (gastr-otomy): surgical incision made into the stomach for the purpose of feeding an individual who is incapable of taking in food through normal processes. Hysterotomy (hyster-otomy): surgical incision made into the uterus. This procedure is done in a Cesarean section to remove a baby from the womb. A hysterotomy is also performed in order to operate on a fetus in the womb. Phlebotomy (phleb-otomy): incision or puncture made into a vein in order to draw blood. A phlebotomist is a health care worker who draws blood. Laparotomy (lapar-otomy): incision made into the abdominal wall for the purpose of examining abdominal organs or diagnosing an abdominal problem. Organs examined during this procedure may include the kidneys, liver, spleen, pancreas, appendix, stomach, intestines, and female reproductive organs. Lobotomy (lob-otomy): incision made into a lobe of a gland or organ. Lobotomy also refers to an incision made into a lobe of the brain to sever nerve tracts. Rhizotomy (rhiz-otomy): surgical severing of a cranial nerve root or spinal nerve root in order to relieve back pain or decrease muscle spasms. Tenotomy (ten-otmy): incision made into the tendon in order to correct a muscle deformity.  This procedure helps to lengthen a defective muscle and is commonly used to correct a club foot. Tracheotomy (trache-otomy): incision made into the trachea (windpipe) for the purpose of inserting a tube to allow air to flow the lungs. This is done to bypass an obstruction in the trachea, such as swelling or a foreign object.

Question Sheet for We Shall Remain Episode Four Geronimo...

Question Sheet for We Shall Remain: Episode Four  ­ Geronimo Chapter One, Surrounded by Enemies: The Apache way of life and Geronimo as a young man 1. What did the Mexican government do in response to the constant theft of property by Apaches? Did this stop the Apache? 1. the mexican government passed laws offering cash for apache scalps and no this didn’t stop the apaches from raiding 2. How did Geronimo change in response to the murder of his mother, wife, and three small children by Mexican troops? 2. he cut his hair and left the hair there with them, returned home to rip down his wife’s paintings, tore apart strings of beads that she had made, and set everything that his kids and wife had owned on fire. this made his†¦show more content†¦What was the choice Crook gave the Apache? How did the Apache know about the choice Navajos had been given ten years prior? 7. they could either stay on the reservations and be comfortable, or if they kept raiding, than he swore that he would hunt them down to the very last man 8. What happened to the Apaches who agreed to settle on reservations? What incentives were they offered? 8. they were placed against each other and some went on the be in the US Army 9. When agent John Clum delivered the news about the move to San Carlos to the Chiricahua people, how did Geronimo respond? How was Clum double ­crossed? 9. he said to give them a little time and that they would move to San Carlos without a fight. Geronimo and his men killed the dogs so they wouldn’t give them away and they left Chapter Four, Rejecting the Reservation: The last Indian War, bloody resistance and a stronghold 10.What was life like for Geronimo during the four years he spent at the San Carlos reservation? 10. life was a struggle for survival, he has to have an official pass just to go and hunt, the Americans wanted them to farm, dig and much more 11.Who was the Dreamer and why did white people feel threatened by him? When he was wounded in a firefight, how did Apache scouts react? How were they punished? 11. he was an Apache medicine man ­ he was an old american scout who wanted toShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde 33 Case Incident 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses† 34 Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual

Impact of Portuguese Estado Da India Free Essays

string(125) " of the emperor Hindu has the salaries of the military personnel and also the grades\(maratib\) of the he Imperial servants\." MANSABDARI SYSTEM IN MUGHAL DYNASTY Mansab was the generic term for the military type grading of all imperial officials of the Mughal empire. The mansabdars governed the empire and commanded its armies in the emperor’s name. The term is derived from Mansab, meaning rank. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Portuguese Estado Da India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence,Mansabdari literally means rank-holder. Basically,the mansabdar system was borrowed from Persia. It was prevalent during the reign of Babur and Humayun. Mansabdar was a title used in the armed services of the Mughal empire. The term is derived from Mansab, standing for rank,mansabdar literally means a rank holder in military. A mansabdar was engaged in the service of the state and was obligated to render service. The mansabdars formed a military aristocracy which proved an admirable instant in the organization of Chengiz and Timur. Theâ€Å" mansab† meant rank. Different numbers which could be divided by ten were used for ranking officers. It was also meant for fixing the salaries and allowances of officers. Since,the mansabdars of the mughal empire received their pay either in cash(naqd) or in the form of assignments of areas of land(jagir) from which they were entitled to collect the land revenue and all other taxes sanctioned by the emperor,the mansabdar system was also an integrated part of the agrarian and the jagirdari system. This system introduced by Akbar . It was a unique feature of the administrative system of the Mughal Empire. The term mansab (i. e. officer,position,rank)in the mughal administrative indicated the rank of its holder(mansabdar) in the official hierarchy. It was of central Asian origin. According to one view Babur brought it to North India. DEVELOPMENT OF MANSABDARI SYSTEM- During the reign of Akbar, the lowest rank was that of number ten and the highest was that of twelve thousand. The mansab above five thousand and later on that of seven thousand was given only to princes of royal blood. Jahangir and Shahjahan awarded mansab to their officers upto the number only three thousand while royal princes were given mansabs upto the number of forty thousand. Akbar introduced the mansabdari system in the mughal army which primarily meant the ranking of officers on decimal system. Mansabdari system was the novelty of army organisation of the mughals. It was introduced by Akbar and was kept as it was with minor changes upto the reign of Aurangzeb. The later mughals gave mansabs upto number of fifty thousand. All officers below the rank of the mansab of five hundred were called mansabdars,the officers enjoying the mansab from five hundred to two thousand five hundred were called amir-i-azam and amir- i-umda. Some historians described,that the mansabdars were required to maintain soldiers equivalent to the number of rank awarded to them. Classification of mansab which has been highlighted with chengiz khan who had divided his army 10-10000. In this matter any thing cannot be said how many horsemen were kept by any mansab,because Jama was being exaggrated. When state got information about the situation of the agriculture and economy. Akbar took decision to control the situation which was quite different from written statements in the office. The main motto behind this was to implement dagh system. It means every mansabdar had to got registered his documents for face. Number of horses and their quality was checked and those who was not able to fulfill the criteria they were punished. According to badauni,who was also mansabdar of twenty rank. First mansab was given mansab of 20. So that he could serve the palace according to the situation. Aamir opposed dagh system and they were not ready for special sign which had been given to their horses. During dagh system create small aamir had taken power in their hand. Sometimes they used it to disturb reputted aamir, some shahi diwans who adopted hard ways due to this agitation happened in Bengal and Bihar in 1580 for which Akbar tried to remove this. Day by day dagh system was going to strict but mansabdars did not keep actual number of horsemen during any ocassion of the demonstration they took horses of others and did the formality. In many respects,the basic features were first delineated by Moreland and Abdul Aziz but their views have been greatly refined and often substantially revised by M. Athar Ali and Irfan Habib. Mansabdari which had been brought by Mughals was unique system. By and large, it has been here,mansab was the rank by which a man used to get honour in his salary for promotion. He was a appointed in administrative service or in the King’s court. Given mansab to aamir was pay to 10 to 5000. Although mansab word was used for all the mansabdars. Below 1000 all the persons were said mansabdars. It was assumed that time it is a system in which you have to promote yourself on the basis of your talent and wisdom. From 500 to 10000 mansab was reserved for shahi family but Akbar gave this mansab to his relative mansingh and brother Mirza Aziz Koka. There were tthirty-three grades of mansab ranging from commanders of 10 to commanders of 10000. Till the middle of Akbar’s reign , the highest rank an ordinary officer hold was that of a commanders of 5000 the more enalted grades between commanders of 7000 and 10000 were reserved for the royal princes. During the period following the reign of Akbar, the grades were increased upto 20000 or even more. There was no distinction between civil and military departments, officers both civil and military held mansabs and were liable to be transferred from one branch of the administration to another. Each mansabdars were expected to maintain prescribed number of horses,elephants,equipments etc according to his rank and dignity. Senior mansabdar were awarded a jagir(personal fief) rather than a salary. The mansab was not hereditary and it automatically lapsed after the death or dismissal of the mansabdars. Khwandamir tells us that at the command of the emperor Hindu has the salaries of the military personnel and also the grades(maratib) of the he Imperial servants. You read "Impact of Portuguese Estado Da India" in category "Papers" The salaries of mansabdars were fixed according to their mansabs,while the rates for their troopers were sanctioned separately. Moreover the mansabdars were to maintain a separate stable of animals (elephants and horses) their own according to their mansabs. Akbar organized the nobility and his army by means of the mansabdari system. The ranks normally given to top officers and nobles were valued from 10 to 5000 later raised to 7000. But the credit going it an institutional framework goes to Akbar who made it the basis of Mughal military organization and civil administration. The mansabdars formed the ruling group in the Mughal Empire. Consequently,the numerical strength of the mansabdars and their composition during different periods materially influenced not only politics and administration but also the economy of the Empire. ZAT AND SAWAR-The mansabdars were differentiated by the Zat and Sawar rank. Mansabdar had a zat or personal ranking and a sawar or a troop ranking. The mansabdars belonged both to the civil and military departments. They were transferred from the civil side to the military departments. They were transferred from the the civil side to the military department and vice versa. The mughal mansab was dual , represented by one designated zat(personal rank) and the other sawar(cavalry rank). In Akbar’s reign the mansabs ranged from command of 10 to 5000 troops. Subsequently, the highest mansabs were raised from 10000 to 12000 but there was no fixed number of mansabdars. During the reign of Akbar ,introduced the rank of zat and sawar in the mansabdari system was that ,every mansabdar was given the rank of sawar as well as that of zat. A mansabdar was paid rupees two per horse. In his period,the mansabdar were asked to keep as many horsemen as were indicated by numbers of their ranks of sawar. Every grade of his mansabdars holding the rank of five thousand or below it were divided into three categories. If a mansabdar had equal ranks zat and sawar ,he was of first category among his grade of mansabdar . i. e. if a mansabdar enjoyed the rank of five thousand zat and five thousand sawar then he was of the first category among the mansabdars of five thousand. If a mansabdar had the rank of sawar lower than the rank of zat but not lower than half of it then he belonged to the second category. i. e. if a mansabdar enjoyed the rank of five thousand zat and three thousand or two hundred and five hundred sawar then he belonged to the second category among the mansabdars of five thousand. And lastly, if a mansabdar enjoyed the rank of sawar which was less the half of his rank of zat then he belonged to the third category among his grade of mansabdars. A separate department was organized for the purpose of horses and elephants is called Dagh-Mahali. Akbar , of course ;deserved credit for imploring the army- organization of the Mughals. Akbar’s death mansab was explained in two numerical representatives:the first zat determined the holder’s personal pay and the status in the hierarchy ,the second sawar indicated the number of horsemen to be maintained by the holder and set the amount sanctioned to cover their pay. Akbar introduced the sawar rank in his 11th regnal year (1566-67). Mansab as a single rank is further supported by the Tabaqat’s different way of expressing mansabs in terms of numbers of troopers(sawars or naukars). The sawars were distinguised in two classes- sih-aspa du aspa and barawardis. Irfan Habib to bring out the significance under Akbar of the term barawardis , as a pre-dagh uniform payment per unit of sawar rank ,which was intented to be adjusted after the dagh. Ain that clearly defines the term barawardi and implies that the final salary was fixed on the basis of the contingent of troopers actually brought to the brand(dagh). The pay sanctioned after dagh was determined by such factors as the number of horses mustered along with the troopers and the breed of horses. In other words, the 18-19 regnal years, we shows that- a. A single number was awarded as mansab. b. Each mansab indicated as per schedule ,a particular amount of monthly personal pay for the mansab-holder. c. Against each mansab,its holder was called upon to maintain different numbers of war and transport ,for which he was paid additional allowances at detailed rates laid down in official schedules. d. The mansab- holder was called upon to maintain horsemen equal to the number of the mansab. . An advance payment for the mansab was made at a rate called bar-awardi. Its the balance of full payment was made or at any rate became due after the contingent of the mansabdar was actually presented for inspection and brand(dagh). APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTION OF MANSABDARS- Every candidate for a mansab had to provide a surely(zama) and this rule was extre mely rigorously enforced. It appears that bankers or money lenders of standing were accepted as sureties by the administration. The mansabdar recuirement and promotion was gradually viewed as atedious job,especially when gaining a surety. It was specially needed that soldiers should be capable and worthy. A record of every sawar was kept and the horses were branded. They invited the king to impact their soldiers. The procedure for the grant of promotions to mansabdars was similar to the procedure for the grant of the initial mansab. The recommendation for promotion was usually made by princes,commanders under whom. Gallantry in millitary service and merit occupied a pride place, at the oher end of the scale stood the promotions granted on acknowledgement of a handsome present or peshkash from a noble. Promotion was also generally though not invariably, given when an officer was fixed to really deserve a superior post. In every cases, the ranks of mansabdars being increased. The mansabdears appointed during the reigns of the Mughal Emperors shows that some groups were more favoured category were the sons and close kinsmen of persons who were already in service. This group was called Khanazad. The rulers of autonomous principalities formed yet another group which received prefential treatment in rank and promotion. MAINTENANCE OF TROOPS AND PAYMENTS- Mansabdars were asked to present their contingnents for regular inspection and physical verification. All the horses presented for inspection by a particular noble were branded with a specific pattern to distinguish these from those of other nobles through a real(dagh). It was a special procedure. The physical description of troops(chehra) was also recorded. The scale of salary was fixed for the zat rank but one rank had no arithmetical or proportionate relationship with the other. Under Akbar zat rank above 5000 was given only to the princes. It is an integral part of Mughal administration. Jahangir started the system of Du-aspa and Sih- aspa. The full sawar rank of mansabdar was made du-aspa and sih-aspa. For example- If a mansab held a mansab of 4000 zat 4000 sawar he may be granted huma do aspa sih aspa (all two- three horses) in this case the original sawar rank would be ignored,and the mansabdar will maintain double the number of du- ispa sih aspa, then it would mean that out of the original sawar rank of 4000, tha bawardi troopers will be only 2000 and the additional rank of 2000 du aspa sih aspa will double itself to 4000 ordinary troopers. Thus the total number of horsemen would be 6000. Generally, the sawar rank could not be higher than zat rank. Shah jahan gave the mansabdars the new pay scale, monthly ratio and framed new rules to assign the jagirs. He prepared the registers which containing the database of jagirs. The jagirs were not edtimated in rupee but in Dams. The estimate of the revenue in the jagir is called jama. It is always calculated till almost the death of Akbar in copper coins called Dam(48 dam equals 1 rupee). Therefore it was called Jama-dami. Moreland mainly focussed rank. He has distinguish between the two kinds of rank,the original mansab,which governed the personal allowances,was known as the zat rank and the additional men were designated by the word sawar. Double rank had to maintain two contingents-(a. )some horsemen paid out of his personal salary , and (b. )some extra or additional horsemen paid from the allowance provided for this purpose. During Aurangzeb’s time the high class mansabdari increased in number and there were lack of jagirs to be given to them. The kings and his ministers put a check on the recruitment of new mansabdars. Yet due to changed circumtances,the recruitment could not be stopped. The result was that the system cracked after Aurangzeb and came to an end. It was noticed that the actual revenue collection (hasil) always fell short of the estimated income. In such a situation,the mansabdars salaries were fixed by a method called month-scales. For examples-If a jagir yielded only half of the jama, it was called shashmaha(six monthly). If it yielded only one fourth , it was considered sihmaha(three monthly). The monthly scale was applied to cash salaries also. The largest deductions were from the Deccans,who had to pay a fourth part(chauthsi). There were other deductions known as khurak dawwah belonging to the Emperor. THE SYSTEM OF ESCHEAT-Especially, those of the European travellers,refer to the practice wherby the Emperor took possession of the wealth of the nobles after their death. The practice is known as escheat(zabt). The reason was that the nobles often took loan from the state which remained unpaid till their death. It was duty of the khan saman to take over the nobles property and adjust the state demand,after which the rest of the property was given to the heirs or sometimes distributed by the Emperor among the heirs himself without any regard for the Islamic Inheritance laws. In 1666,Aurangzeb issued a farman that after the death of a noble without heirs his property would be deposited in the state treasury. It seems that is most cases it depended on the power of the Emperor. THE EVOLUTION OF MANSABDARI SYSTEM-The Mansabdar came from all castes such as-Mughal,Pathans,Rajputs. Humayun did not continue this system. The first stage starts from 1556 and this stage remains more or less stagnent for the last ten years. i. e. from the accession of Akbar till 1566-67 in which there is practically no rule of the mansab. The second stage starts from 1567 onwards when an attempt was made to fix up the size of the contingent according to the salary of the mansabdar and on the basis of the collection of the revenue of the jagir assigned to him. The third stage which is the most important one starts from 1573-74 when a mansabdar was given a certain number. The last stage which finalised or formalized the mansabdari system came in 1595-96. This suggest that the mansabdari system has finally around 1595-96,it is not a sudden one , it has developed through long period of experiment in which there was a struggle between the crown and nobility. But by 1595-96 the struggle was over. COMPOSITION OF MANSABDARS-The Mansabdars, in practice considered heredity as an important factor. It appears that the khanzads (house-born,descendants of mansabdar) had the first claim. Out of a total number of 575 mansabdars holding the rank of 1000 and above during the reign of Aurangzeb,the khanzads numbered about 272. Apart from the khanzads , a number of mansabdars were recruited from the zamindars. Out of 575 mansabdars in 1707,therewere 81 zamindars. The mughals also welcomed Persian. Chagatai,Uzbeks as well as the Deccanis in the mansabdari. CONCLUSION- Mansabdari was the main institution of the Mughal Empire,which embraced both civil and military sectors of administration. Mansabdars and their large forces were used to expand the empire and administer if effectively. It is true that mansabdars had been role player in the development of mughal states,became they had compailed mughal emperor to think about new challenges. There diplomatic policy regarding horsemen and other job had given new challenges to the emperor. Especially ,Akbar had been founder of mansab system. In his reign of 11th year Moreland and Abdul Aziz had studied a lot that’s why their contribution is corregiable. On the basis of Ain-i-Akbari as a quisar,had not supported it. According to him zat and sawar had been enforced in 1573-74. And Irfan Habib had supported it. Again,Shireen Moosvi has not supported it due to muntqab-ubd-qabai(badauni) and Ikbal nama-e-jahangir(mutmid khan). According to Abul –fazl mansab was related to mansabdar . As a quisar has written about this in the regime of 18th years. That system was â€Å"dagh system†was collection of animals and a chart was prepared for it†;Abul fazl said. Khurake philas(fooder of elephants) and irmas were system by which salary was deducted in order to by fooder and horses. The salaries and obligation of maintaining troops were governed by a definite set of rules which underwent changes from time to time. For revenue purposes,all the land was divided into two main types-The Jagir and Khalisa. The number of mansabdars rose from 2069 at the time of Jahangirs accession in 1605 to 8000 in 1637 Shahjahan’s reign and to 11,546 during the latter half of the Aurangzeb’s reign. REFERENCES- 1. The Evolution of the Mansab System under Akbar until 1596-7-SHIREEN MOOSVI. 2. Rank Mansab in the Mogul State Service-W. H. MORELAND. 3. Medieval India(1526-1761)-SATISH CHANDRA. 4. Medieval India(750-1540)-HARISHCHANDRA VERMA. How to cite Impact of Portuguese Estado Da India, Papers

Principle of Economics The Shadow Economy

Questions: 1. The Coalition Government claims Labours policies to scrap negative gearing on existing investment homes (but not new investment homes), and to reduce the generosity of the capital gains tax concession on investment properties, will drive down house prices.Illustrate with a supply and demand diagram and describe with reference to your diagram the basis for the Coalition Governments claim. 2.No doubt some speculative and ponzi investors have been attracted to the Australian property market. Mortgagors have bet heavily on the assumption that house prices will continue to rise. Suppose Labour is elected in 2016 and their housing policy changes are implemented and do result in falling house prices, as you illustrated in (i). Describe how this may first affect ponzi investors and then potentially speculative investors. Then in your supply and demand diagram for (i), illustrate and describe how the presence of ponzi and speculative investors could exacerbate the house price fall brought about by the housing policy change 3.Surely everyone supports more affordable housing. In fact, as Abbott is clearly aware, the opposite is true. If they are elected in the 2016 federal election, the Labour Party is promising to modify housing policy (negative gearing and capital gains tax concessions) to reduce upward pressure on housing prices.Explain why for decades federal Labour and Liberal Party policies on housing have promoted less affordable housing. 4. Multiple Choice: Select one out of the four options. According to John Quiggin, increasing unaffordability of housing in Australia is due to [2]: Informational asymmetries The public good nature of housing Government failure Externalities of housing Answers: 1. The Coalition Government Prime Minister Claims that the Labours policies will lower the housing price of the country so that the investors who invested their wealth in the real estate will face loss. The labours Policies of the government will impact on the real estate investment and negative gearing on the investment of the housing will be perceived(equity, 2015). The Prime Minister reputedly warned the people that the Labours policy will lower down the real estate price. The new investment however, secured. As the government reduce the tax concession of capital gain tax on the investment properties will drive down the price of the housing. As the tax will increased there are many people who want to sell the property thus the price of the house will be reduced as minimum people will want to buy property. As the supply will be increasing and the demand is reducing so the price of the housing will be reduced. Figure: Demand supply diagram. 2. The speculators and the ponzi investors attracted to the Australian property market as they find it is an opportunity to invest in the real estate business in the country as the real estate business is always profitable because the price of real estate always tend to hike(Rasmussen, 2011). If the Labour is elected in 2016, then the price of the real estate will be lowering and the ponzi investors and speculators have to face severe monetary loss. The ponzi investors and speculators financial position will be worsening if the housing price will lowering. 3. The Labours policy of modifying the housing policy to make affordable housing for everyone by negative gearing and capital gain concession will reduce the upward pressure on housing price and the price of housing will be reduced. However, the Liberal party consistently taking policies to increase the price of the real estate as there are many population have real estate and if the price of the real estate increasing then the larger population will get profit from their property(Schneider and Enste, 2002). 4. Multiple Choice: Select one out of the four options. According to John Quiggin, increasing unaffordability of housing in Australia is due to [2]: Informational asymmetries The public good nature of housing Government failure Externalities of housing References equity, A. (2015).Appetite for house price rises outstrips concern for equity. [online] The Age. Available at: https://www.theage.com.au/comment/appetite-for-house-price-rises-outstrips-concern-for-equity-20150612-ghmbez.html [Accessed 4 Jun. 2016]. Rasmussen, S. (2011).Production economics. Berlin: Springer. Schneider, F. and Enste, D. (2002).The shadow economy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Child Development Study Assignment Essay Example For Students

Child Development Study Assignment Essay Play Years: Conservation and Scaffolding tasks By Michael Tsaturyan Subjects name is Emily, shes four years old. She is growing up with a mother a father and an older sister. It was a lot of fun exploring her behavior. Conservation Test 1. The first test consisted of two identical classes filled with an equal amount of milk and a much taller test tube. The test tube had an equivalent volume compared to the glass cups. I pored one glass of milk in to the test tube, and after the transformation I asked Emily, Q. Are the amount different or the same? A. Different of course Q. Which has more? A. This one while pointing on the tall test tube. Q. Why do you think it has more milk in it? A. Its Bigger, thats why. 2. The second test consisted of 20 candy bars put together forming 2 straight lines, with 10 candy bars in each line. After figuring out that it is the same amount, I increased the spacing of candy bars in one of the lanes and asked the same question. Q. Are the amount of the candy bars different or the same? A. Yes the amount is the same Q. How is it that they are the same? A. You didnt add any more candy bars 3. The third test consisted of two Play Dow balls of the same size. When I took one of the Play Dow balls and squeezed in into a long, thin shape, I asked Emily the same question. Q. Which one has more Play Dow in it? A. This one and she pointed at the long one. One out of three different tests with the same task resulted in a different answer given by Emily. I suppose the example with the candy bars was an obvious answer for her, there for she got it right. Scaffolding Task I bought a 20 piece jigsaw picture puzzle. It was a picture of Silvester and Tweetyy, two of the cartoon characters that Emily loved. Arousing interest- this was the easy part. I explained Emily that if we put this puzzle together we shall get a picture of Silvester and Tweety. Her eyes lit up and she couldnt wait to start the puzzle. Simplifying the Task- I tried to explain how each one of the pieces must tightly fit into another. To make it simpler I told Emily to take all the pieces out of the box and lay them down on the table with the picture face up. Once it is easier to see all of the pieces we can start the search. Scaffold, Interpret the Activity I decided to show how its done first before she started on her own. I tried to do it as slow as possible, and while I was searching and finding the right pieces, I made comments about each one of them. Ok now Tweety needs an eyes and a part of an eye lash. Ok there it is, now lets put it in its place. After seeing me put the puzzle together, Emily couldnt wait to do it herself. She couldnt take her eyes of the jigsaw puzzle and looked very interested. Solve Problems I anticipated the mistakes that Emily was making, but after correcting her few times, it seemed like she understood the concept and became even faster. It seemed like she couldnt get enough of it which surprised me. I was expecting her to give up after the first 10 minutes and go play with another toy. Before her nap time she played with the puzzle 4 times and once she got it all right completely on her own. .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 , .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 .postImageUrl , .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 , .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1:hover , .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1:visited , .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1:active { border:0!important; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1:active , .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1 .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u48ada0ee831e63f8d771ff653c04ddd1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Heart Of Darkness (1235 words) EssayTeach Enthusiasm- I explained to her that this was not the only puzzle out there, and I told her that the more puzzles she does the smarter she can get. But what really got her interested was when I said that I shall buy more puzzles just like the previous one but with different characters. We moved up to a 50 piece puzzle that she is working on at the present time and cant wait to finish it and see the new one. .